Use of Symbolism in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson

Symbolism means like any place, person or thing that is something but can be interpreted in a different way. The Lottery by Shirley Jackson is a short story that shows symbolism, to give hints about the story in all the characters and objects in the story. This Short story takes place in the summer where a small town has a lottery every year round. The person that wins the lottery has a huge impact on the town and the crops that grow in it. Old man Warner is the oldest in the town and has been in more than seventy lotteries he likes to go by tradition and doesn’t like to change it up. Mrs. Hutchinson on the other hand doesn’t want to go by the tradition and thinks that the lottery is a huge mistake for the town. At the†¦show more content†¦The objects of â€Å" The Lottery â€Å" by Shirley Jackson also have symbolic references to the story each main object that has an impact in the story has a meaning of behind them. The Black Box the stoning the paper with the black dot all represent something in the story. The Black Box represents death. â€Å" Old box represents the tradition of the lottery itself. â€Å" The Black Box â€Å" is shown as death the color of death is black as well is the box. When the person takes out the card with a black dot in the middle of it they will be stoned to death! The box also know for evil â€Å" The new ( original ) box may had made the tradition more powerful , because you can’t question a tradition once it has moved beyond reason to simply the way things are done. â€Å" Hutchinson pulled the card from the black box and know she would have to be stoned to death. The black box is symbolizing death , sacrificing and evil. Stones â€Å" Symbolizes death but also the villagers unanimous support of the lottery tradition. â€Å" Mrs. Hutchinson will be stoned to DEATH by huge and â€Å" smooth stones. â€Å" The towns people try to get the smooth rocks so that way they kill the person that gets the paper with the black dot slowly and painfully , because if they would get big and pointy rocks the person would die faster. They want the person to have a slow sacrificing death , the towns people believe if theyShow MoreRelatedUse of Symbolism in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson1146 Words   |  5 Pageswhat is known as Symbolism. Symbolism is the use of object, name, or person to represent an idea. If a name is being use, a name such as autumn can represent the adulthood of a human. Creatures such as an Eagle, represents ‘Freedom’ and ‘America’. Even inanimate objects can represent ideas; the light bulb represents ideas that just sparked into a character’s head. In the short story, â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson, a village has just entered the month of June, meaning that the lottery is to begin.Read More The Use of Symbolism in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson Essay938 Words   |  4 PagesThe Use of Symbolism in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson Within the first few lines of Shirley Jacksons The Lottery we are faced with such adjectives as clear, sunny, fresh and warmth. She goes on to paint a picture of small children just out of school for the summer, as the townspeople gather for the annual Lottery. This leads us to believe that the rest of the story is as cheery as the summer day initially described. We as the readers are virtually unaware of the horrible senseless eventsRead MoreEssay on The Use of Symbolism in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson1192 Words   |  5 PagesThe Use of Symbolism in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson In The Lottery, Shirley Jackson uses symbolism to make us aware of the pointless nature of humanity regarding tradition and violence. The story starts off on a beautiful summer day in a small town. The author describes the day as very euphoric but strikes a contrast between the atmosphere of the town and the atmosphere of the people gathered in the square. The atmosphere is subdued, where the children are gathered aroundRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Lottery By Shirley Jackson910 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Analysis of the Short Story â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson Shirley Jackson explores the subject of tradition in her short story â€Å"The Lottery†. A short story is normally evaluated based on its ability to provide a satisfying and complete presentation of its characters and themes. Shirley describes a small village that engages in an annual tradition known as â€Å"the lottery†. Narrating the story from a third person point of view, Shirley uses symbolism, foreshadowing and suspense to illustrateRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Lottery 916 Words   |  4 Pages The Foreshadowing in â€Å"The Lottery† On a warm day in late June, villagers gather in the square to participate in a lottery run by Mr. Summers. The children arrive first and begin collecting stones until their parents call them to order. Mr. Summers calls each head of the household forward to a black wooden box, where each selects a slip of paper. Once the men have chosen, Mr. Summers allows everyone to open the paper and see who wins. Bill Hutchinson wins and his wife immediately starts protestingRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson972 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson, is a short story about an annual lottery draw in a small New England town. The town’s people have performed the lottery for more than seventy years. Shirley Jackson gives â€Å"The Lottery† a whole different meaning . The lottery is used for a public stoning, opposing to the very first thing that approaches to a reader s mind when they think of the lottery; a big amount of money . The reader sees both l iteral and metaphorical meaning of the Shirley Jackson’s short storyRead MoreHuman Corruption Of Human Nature1140 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Corruption in â€Å"The Lottery† â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson is a classic short story in U.S literature. Written in 1948, the short story has been published in multiple languages around the world. It is still a required reading in U.S today. The story was later adapted into both a TV short and a play (â€Å"Shirley Jackson’s Bio†). Jackson uses irony and symbolism in â€Å"The Lottery† to show the corruption of human nature. The story opens up on a clear June day. It continues to describe an ominousRead MoreThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson And A Rose For Emily By William Faulkner960 Words   |  4 PagesThe Use of Symbolism in â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson and â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner The use of symbolism is used in literature to enhance writing and add meaning to a story, this is evident in the two short stories â€Å"The Lottery† written by Shirley Jackson and â€Å"A Rose for Emily† written by William Faulkner. With the authors use of symbolism Jackson and Faulkner are able to add depth to their writing in a way that connects with the readers. By adding symbolism to the short storiesRead MoreUse of Symbols in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson981 Words   |  4 PagesMany great authors use symbolism numerous of time in their stories. A symbol is a noun or word that represents a different idea. An author displays the symbols as a hit rather than blurting it out. Symbols are not only used in novels or poems, they are also used in everyday use. For an example, the American flag has fifty stars on it which each star represents a state. On the other hand, the thirteen stripes plays the part of our thirteen colonies; the beginning of our country. Even w ith our highRead MoreAnalysis of The Lottery by Shirley Jackson993 Words   |  4 Pagesgrow. Shirley Jackson was born in 1919 in San Francisco, California to Leslie and Geraldine Jackson. She is most well known for her short story titled â€Å"The Lottery† which was first published in The New Yorker to overwhelming and mixed reviews. The lottery, as portrayed in the short story, is a religious, annual ceremony in the afternoon of June 27. This event is said to be older than Old Man Warner and has lost most of its meaning. Every year, a â€Å"lucky† winner is blindly chosen with the use of a magical Use of Symbolism in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson In stories there will be objects that will constantly be mentioned within the story. This is what is known as Symbolism. Symbolism is the use of object, name, or person to represent an idea. If a name is being use, a name such as autumn can represent the adulthood of a human. Creatures such as an Eagle, represents ‘Freedom’ and ‘America’. Even inanimate objects can represent ideas; the light bulb represents ideas that just sparked into a character’s head. In the short story, â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson, a village has just entered the month of June, meaning that the lottery is to begin. When everyone was present, the heads of the households’ names were called one by one to pick up a slip of paper. It was then discovered that the†¦show more content†¦The black box is not only Alliteration, but it is also a symbol in â€Å"The Lottery†. Martine Ma declares, â€Å"The black box holds the key between life or death for every single one of the townspeople†. Inside the black box is a â€Å"slip of paper† (Jackson1870) with â€Å"a black spot† (Jackson1870) that would declare the death of a villager and the sacrifice for the harvest. The black box also represents ‘evil’ in â€Å"The Lottery†. Seth Cassel stated, â€Å"The villagers have become entranced in the gruesome tradition of stoning people.† Proving that the black box has manipulated the townspeople into killing their fellow villagers because of the lottery the black box Ruiz6 brings. The slips of paper also represent something in â€Å"The Lottery†. â€Å"The pieces of paper represent the fragility and feebleness of life,† implies Lucas Sheelat. Paper is proven to be fragile; easy to rip even. Just like the lives in the village their lives hang in the balance of a single slip of paper that can easily tear their very life away. The three-legged stool that carried the black box up is also a symbol in the story. The article â€Å"Symbolism, Imagery, and Allegory: The Black Box and The Three Legged Stool† declares â€Å"The three legs of the stool are like the three aspects of the Christian Trinity.† The Holy Trinity in Christianity is known as the holder of life and all things good. To the villagers, the stool holding up the black box isShow MoreRelatedUse of Symbolism in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson954 Words   |  4 PagesSymbolism means like any place, person or thing that is something but can be interpreted in a different way. The Lottery by Shirley Jackson is a short story that shows symbolism, to give hints about the story in all the characters and objects in the story. This Short story takes place in the summer where a small town has a lottery every year round. The person that wins the lottery has a huge impact on the town and the crops that grow in it. Old man Warner is the oldest in the town andRead More The Use of Symbolism in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson Essay938 Words   |  4 PagesThe Use of Symbolism in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson Within the first few lines of Shirley Jacksons The Lottery we are faced with such adjectives as clear, sunny, fresh and warmth. She goes on to paint a picture of small children just out of school for the summer, as the townspeople gather for the annual Lottery. This leads us to believe that the rest of the story is as cheery as the summer day initially described. We as the readers are virtually unaware of the horrible senseless eventsRead MoreEssay on The Use of Symbolism in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson1192 Words   |  5 PagesThe Use of Symbolism in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson In The Lottery, Shirley Jackson uses symbolism to make us aware of the pointless nature of humanity regarding tradition and violence. The story starts off on a beautiful summer day in a small town. The author describes the day as very euphoric but strikes a contrast between the atmosphere of the town and the atmosphere of the people gathered in the square. The atmosphere is subdued, where the children are gathered aroundRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Lottery By Shirley Jackson910 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Analysis of the Short Story â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson Shirley Jackson explores the subject of tradition in her short story â€Å"The Lottery†. A short story is normally evaluated based on its ability to provide a satisfying and complete presentation of its characters and themes. Shirley describes a small village that engages in an annual tradition known as â€Å"the lottery†. Narrating the story from a third person point of view, Shirley uses symbolism, foreshadowing and suspense to illustrateRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Lottery 916 Words   |  4 Pages The Foreshadowing in â€Å"The Lottery† On a warm day in late June, villagers gather in the square to participate in a lottery run by Mr. Summers. The children arrive first and begin collecting stones until their parents call them to order. Mr. Summers calls each head of the household forward to a black wooden box, where each selects a slip of paper. Once the men have chosen, Mr. Summers allows everyone to open the paper and see who wins. Bill Hutchinson wins and his wife immediately starts protestingRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson972 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson, is a short story about an annual lottery draw in a small New England town. The town’s people have performed the lottery for more than seventy years. Shirley Jackson gives â€Å"The Lottery† a whole different meaning . The lottery is used for a public stoning, opposing to the very first thing that approaches to a reader s mind when they think of the lottery; a big amount of money . The reader sees both l iteral and metaphorical meaning of the Shirley Jackson’s short storyRead MoreHuman Corruption Of Human Nature1140 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Corruption in â€Å"The Lottery† â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson is a classic short story in U.S literature. Written in 1948, the short story has been published in multiple languages around the world. It is still a required reading in U.S today. The story was later adapted into both a TV short and a play (â€Å"Shirley Jackson’s Bio†). Jackson uses irony and symbolism in â€Å"The Lottery† to show the corruption of human nature. The story opens up on a clear June day. It continues to describe an ominousRead MoreThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson And A Rose For Emily By William Faulkner960 Words   |  4 PagesThe Use of Symbolism in â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson and â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner The use of symbolism is used in literature to enhance writing and add meaning to a story, this is evident in the two short stories â€Å"The Lottery† written by Shirley Jackson and â€Å"A Rose for Emily† written by William Faulkner. With the authors use of symbolism Jackson and Faulkner are able to add depth to their writing in a way that connects with the readers. By adding symbolism to the short storiesRead MoreUse of Symbols in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson981 Words   |  4 PagesMany great authors use symbolism numerous of time in their stories. A symbol is a noun or word that represents a different idea. An author displays the symbols as a hit rather than blurting it out. Symbols are not only used in novels or poems, they are also used in everyday use. For an example, the American flag has fifty stars on it which each star represents a state. On the other hand, the thirteen stripes plays the part of our thirteen colonies; the beginning of our country. Even w ith our highRead MoreAnalysis of The Lottery by Shirley Jackson993 Words   |  4 Pagesgrow. Shirley Jackson was born in 1919 in San Francisco, California to Leslie and Geraldine Jackson. She is most well known for her short story titled â€Å"The Lottery† which was first published in The New Yorker to overwhelming and mixed reviews. The lottery, as portrayed in the short story, is a religious, annual ceremony in the afternoon of June 27. This event is said to be older than Old Man Warner and has lost most of its meaning. Every year, a â€Å"lucky† winner is blindly chosen with the use of a magical

Same Sex Difference Of Attitude - 963 Words

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Even though the issue had been on the ballot for many years. Massachusetts was the very first state to give same-sex couples a marriage licenses claiming it was a violation of the state s constitution. President Obama is in support of same-sex marriage and stated so in 2012 when he was re-elected. American s views have changed dramatically from 1996 to 2014. The poll asked: â€Å"Do you think marriages between same-sex couples should or should not be recognized by the law as valid, with the sameShow MoreRelatedEssay on Gender: Feminism and Masculinity1341 Words   |  6 PagesKite and Whitley in 1996, it was confirmed that men hold more negative attitudes toward homosex uality than do women. They also determined that mens attitudes toward homosexuality are particularly negative when the person being rated is a gay man rather than a lesbian. Their review of the literature also highlighted the complex nature of attitudes toward homosexuality noted by others. 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Music has been a part of human life forever. Music Essay Example For Students

Music has been a part of human life forever. Music Essay Music has beena partof human life forever. Music allows everyone to express their emotions or help them cope with everyday difficulties. Instruments are a huge part of music, and every instrument can cause a certain feeling to grow or shrink. Along with different instruments grew different genres, and those genres grew bigger and bigger. For example, during the 19thcenturyJazz and Blues wasborn and struck modern music tremendously.Jazz and Blues were extremely popular among the African- American communities, until the 20thcentury where Jazz and Blues had been absorbed and used in many other styles. However, Jazz and Blues does still live today making it a, modern music, but their influence is still major andnoticeable inour music today. The Blues growth led to one of our favorite genres Rock and Roll, whichbroke throughin the 1950s.Even thoughit was difficult to tell them apart at the time since theykind of had the same rhythms early on. Rock and Rolllater evolved and turned into something much louder, and seeking attention from younger listeners. Rock and Roll today still has traces of Blues and if we listen hard enough we can still hear it. Blues lyrics and hip hop lyrics both showsomeonespersonal troubles and feelings for every situation. For example, Louis Jordans hit Saturday Night Fish Fry can be tied to our hip hop lyrics. Along with Jazz and Blues improvised instrumental solos thats just like raps freestyle. Soul, Funk, and Disco, is a combination that forms our Rhythm and Blues (R;B) today. During the 1970s disco rose, and 1980s New Jack Swing style destroyed R;Bs typical sound so now it sounds nothing like the Blues. However the vocals are still quite similar, for exampleBeyonceKnowles and Fantasia use the same rhythms and tones just like Etta James, a blues singer. In conclusion, many musicians specializing in Jazz accompany our modernsingers all of the time. For example, Tarigh Akoni, is a guitarist trained inJazz thathas performed with ChristinaAguilera, and the Backstreet Boys. Jazz allows us to enjoy our modern music in multiple ways, and create some of our own genres. Jazz and Blues gives us freedom to express who we are and what type of emotions we want to feel.

Ballistic Missile Defense at the Global, State, and Local Levels free essay sample

An analysis at the global, state, and local levels of the US decision to move forward with a ballistic missile defense system, with background, reactions of other countries, ideologies, and policies. This paper examines the US decision to move forward with a ballistic missile defense system. The author gives a background on the history and technology of ballistic missile defense and then examines the reactions of other countries to the American missile defense decision. Also discussed are the ideological and moral support for missile defense at the state level. Finally, missile defense is analyzed as a political issue in relation to the 2000 elections and as an economic issue for defense contractors and certain parts of the country that stand to gain business from an expanded missile defense.? From the Paper: On March 23, 1983, President Ronald Reagan began one of the most important legacies of the last stage of the Cold War with a speech outlining his Strategic Defense Initiative. We will write a custom essay sample on Ballistic Missile Defense at the Global, State, and Local Levels or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Star Wars program, as it came to be known, immediately created tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union, as well as between the US and its allies, and sparked debate over the feasibility, cost, benefits, and consequences of ballistic missile defense (BMD). This debate may not have mattered much when missile defense technology was too immature to make deployment practical or even possible. However, seventeen years later, technology has advanced to the point where the US must decide now whether it wants missile defense in the future. A decision of this magnitude, involving billions of dollars and potentially billions of lives, must be examined closely at all levels of analysis.? ?

Thesis Proposal Effects of Non-Traditional Banking Activities on Revenue Diversification of Universal and Commercial Banks in the Philippines from 2007 2012 Essay Example

Thesis Proposal: Effects of Non-Traditional Banking Activities on Revenue Diversification of Universal and Commercial Banks in the Philippines from 2007 2012 Paper Thesis Proposal: Effects of Non-Traditional Banking Activities on Revenue Diversification of Universal and Commercial Banks in the Philippines from 2007 2012 By mikashee 1. INTRODUCTION 1. 1 . Background of the Study: The Banking Industry in the Philippines is one of the (recorded) contributors to GDP under the Service Sector. Despite being one of the least contributing industries in the Philippines, its purpose is highly relevant in different markets. Aside being a category under the Service Sector for GDP reporting, the Banking Sector is the largest medium for Financial Intermediation in the Philippines. Over the years, banks has been one of the common financial intermediaries that provides lending and deposit services for people whore short in funds and people who have no place to use their excess money on. In order to become more profitable and increase the level of competition, Financial Liberalization was introduced in the banking industry wherein some banking regulations have been lifted so that banks could offer other banking services other than the traditional Loans and Deposits. After the financial liberalization came into the market, banks, particularly Universal nd Commercial banks, have found new sources of income other than the traditional interest income. Examples of these activities, as given by researchandmarkets. com(2012), are Portfolio Management, Derivatives trading, Mobile/lnternet Banking, and the like. We will write a custom essay sample on Thesis Proposal: Effects of Non-Traditional Banking Activities on Revenue Diversification of Universal and Commercial Banks in the Philippines from 2007 2012 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Thesis Proposal: Effects of Non-Traditional Banking Activities on Revenue Diversification of Universal and Commercial Banks in the Philippines from 2007 2012 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Thesis Proposal: Effects of Non-Traditional Banking Activities on Revenue Diversification of Universal and Commercial Banks in the Philippines from 2007 2012 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Non-lnterest Income, or fee-based income, came from non-traditional activities/services provided by banks wherein these activities differ per bank in order to establish some sort of competitive advantage against their competition. 1. 1 . 1. Banking Activities Engaged by Banks in RP Among the different classification of banks in the Philippines, it is Universal and Commercial banks services that are being availed of by most Filipinos since these banks cover Page 1 the basic banking services that are not limited to a certain market only. Aside from the Traditional Deposit-Loan activities that earn the usual Interest Income, banks have also engaged in investment and trading activities in order to gain more profit that maintain the reserves in case a decrease in interest rate occurs due to the changes in macroeconomic factors that also happen to be relatively correlated with the Interest Rates. 1. 1. 2. Revenue Diversification: Reducing Risk for Bank Capital? risk such as credit risk, and interest risk. This is used in managing asset portfolios in order to minimize losses or even offset it with profitable assets. In Banking, after the introduction of Financial Liberalization, wherein deregulation of banks have been granted, amount of competition among banks have grown until it reached the point that these banks had to differentiate the products and services they offer other than the traditional Loans and Deposits. This is where Non-Traditional Banking Activities come in. Non-Traditional Banking Activities are activities or services offered by banks at a given fee, therefore generating Non-lnterest Income. And now that banks have a simultaneous generation of Interest and Non-lnterest Income, Revenue Diversification is done. 1. 2. Problem Statement What are the effects of Non-Traditional Banking Activities on Revenue Diversification of Universal and Commercial Banks in the Philippines from 2008-2012? Page 2 1. 3. Objectives a. ) To identify the different banking products and services offered in the Philippines that are classified as Non-Traditional Banking Activities b. ) To determine whether Non-Traditional Banking Activities have positive or negative effect/s on Revenue Diversification of Banks c. To be able to recommend on which banks services will be able to take advantage of the use of Non-Traditional Banking Activities/Non-lnterest Income. 1. 4. Hypothesis HO: Non-Traditional Banking Activities (such as fee-based services and trading services) dont have any significant effect on banks revenue diversification which, in theory, should reduce risk of insolvency. HI : Non-Traditional Banking Activities (such as fee-based services and trading services) have a significant effect on banks revenue diversification which, in theory, should reduce risk of insolvency. . 5. Assumptions of the Study This study will assume that revenue diversification is the diversification of noninterest income. According to historical data of interest rates in the Philippines by tradingeconomics. com, it appears that interest rates are relatively stable. With the help of the data presented by tradingeconomics. com, this study will now assume that interest income is stable. As for data to be collected, this study shall assume that the financial statements reported to the SEC and Osiris database are true and not adjusted in bad faith. With regards to the Page 3 sample, it will be assumed that the top ten universal and commercial banks Philippines. 1. 6. Significance of the Study This study is a follow-up on the study made by Nguyen (2010) as wherein Dr. Nguyen recommended an intra-country application of their study, of which the country would be the Philippines. This study will also determine whether Non-Traditional Banking Activities have a significant contribution on the revenue diversification of Universal and Commercial banks in the Philippines. At the end of this study, results gathered by the researcher will be used for recommendation on whether banks in the Philippines should focus on Non-Traditional Banking Activities or the Traditional Interest Income-earning Activities. The results of this study will be useful for Bank Managers, and Bank Regulators. Bank Managers This study is relevant for Bank Managers because the results of this study will determine whether or not Bank Managers would encourage their staff to exert more efforts in showcasing bank products and services other than deposits and loans. Marketing strategies per branch or the bank in general can help bring in more clients that will either avail trading services or engage in trusts with the bank. Or it can also tell Bank Managers to help their branches refocus on the traditional deposits and oans, depending on whether this study will generate a positive or negative outcome. Page 4 Bank Regulators Bank regulators will benefit from this study because they can either increase or decrease the level of deregulation of banks as well as the capital requirements of banks depending on the results of this study. . 7. Scope and Limitations The study will focus on the top 10 publicly listed Universal and Commercial Banks in the Philippines from 2008-2012 as listed by philpad. com (2012) because of the services these banks offer as well as the availability of data to the public. The esearcher will take the gathered data as it is recorded, and will disregard the effects of the Global Financial Crisis in the list of factors influenc ing the revenue diversification of banks as well as the utilization of non-traditional banking activities. . Review of Related Literature Banks have evolved over the centuries, and for the past decades, banks in the Philippines have Joined in the bandwagon when it comes to modernization of banking. Some of these developments include the use of ATMs, internet and mobile banking, and express deposits. These are additional services offered by the banks for convenient banking experience for their clients. For decades, banks have expanded from simple deposit-loan transaction, they have engaged into other profit-generating activities that not only generate income for their firms, but also provide further use the terms Traditional Banking Activities (TBAs) to refer to the banks usual Deposit-Loan transactions that earn Interest Income (and incur Interest Expense) and Non- Page 5 Traditional Banking Activities (NTBAs) to refer to other banking activities that are not DepositLoan transactions that earn Non-lnterest Income (and incur Other Expenses). Like most countries (if not all), the banks in the Philippines have classified and reported their income using two (2) main categories: Net Interest Income and Other Income (or Non-lnterest Income), which were also recognized by prior studies. 2. 1. Banks Banks are the most common and accessible among financial intermediaries. These institutions serve as a bridge connecting people who wish to save their excess money and people who need to spend money for different reasons. And for centuries, banks offer their main services of keeping deposits and lending out loans. Being a financial ntermediary, their access and ability to distribute money is highly regulated by the government, specifically the Central Bank. Over the years, banks have developed and expanded its services from the standard Deposit and Loans to Brokerage and Trading. However, these services are only available to specific banks depending on the services they offer, as well as their target client market. Classifications of these banks are as follows: Universal Banks Commercial Banks Savings Banks Rural Banks Cooperative Banks Page 6 most common ones are universal and commercial because they have the most pdated set of services that are most accommodating to the needs and wants of his/ her client. 2. 2. Classifications of Banks According to Section 3 and other sections of the General Banking Law of 2000 there are four (6) main types of banks in the Philippines (Circular No. 271 dated 8 January 2001): Thrift banks, Commercial banks, Universal banks, Rural banks, Cooperative banks and Islamic banks. Thrift banks, defined by the BSP, are savings and mortgage banks, private development banks, and stock savings and loans associations organized under existing laws. (Thrift Banks Act of 1995, Sec. 3a). Commercial Banks, on the other hand, are banks that offer a full range of financial services, including checking, savings, lending, and most other services (Kapoor et al, 2013). these possess the powers of Thrift bank but in addition to that, Commercial Banks may issue letters of credit, accept negotiable instruments, and negotiate evidences of debt and promissory notes. Universal banks, according to Saunders and Cornett (2008), offer not Just investment banking services, but also commercial lending, foreign exchanges and custody and cash management services. of which covers most of the banking services available for clients. Rural banks are, as defined by the Philippines National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB), are banks sponsored or assisted by the government, which are privately managed, that lend money to farmers and merchants in order to fund their livelihood in the rural areas such as purchasing agricultural equipment. Cooperative Banks are banks owned and accommodated by the same group of people, usually of the same community or profession, and serves as the financing institution providing loans, accepting deposits and other financial services for the said page 7 group of people (icba. coop, n. d. ). Lastly, Islamic banks, as described by the Institute of Islamic Banking and Insurance, are banks that apply the principles of Shariah (Islamic rulings) through the development of Islamic economics. = (Islamic- banking. com, n. d. ). Therefore, these banks practice the strict rules and principles of Islam, presumably based on the teachings of the Quran. As for the Philippines, banksphilippines. com (2012) as of 2012, there are 705 banks in the Philippines, thirty-seven (37) of which are Universal and Commercial Banks. The rest would include Thrift Banks, Rural banks, Cooperative Banks, Islamic banks and Quasi-Banking institutions. According to a forum from philpad. com (2012), the top players, as well as the top ten in the banking industry as categorized by assets are the following: 1. BDO 2. Metrobank 4. Landbank 5. RCBC 6. Development Bank of the Philippines 7. Philippine National Bank 8. Chinabank 9. Unionbank 10. Security Bank (source: philpad. com) Page 8 2. 3. Deposits and Loans: Traditional Banking Activities For decades, banks have relied heavily on the traditional net interest income earned due to the constraints brought by banking regulations. There might have been the existence of Nonlnterest Income, but it was minimal because banks would try to void violations of the said regulations. Banks have operated as financial intermediaries in terms of keeping deposits of savers and giving out loans to spenders and borrowers. Similar to other companies, banks earn from their operations. A summary of this basic operation of Traditional Banking Activity is given by economicshelp. com (2013), wherein Banks would take clients deposits and use these deposits to give out loans to other clients in different terms. In this process, banks would pay interest to its depositors and collect interest from its borrowers. The net of the interest would then become the main income of the bank. Now, this so- called interest is based on the interest rates offered by bank, in compliance with the Central Banks reserve requirements, which fluctuates based on the economic condition of the country. And as these banks develop over time, they have come up with the idea of interest, an amount charged to borrowers and paid to lenders. However, since loans and deposits dont have an exact off-setting rate, the difference between the interest from loans and the interest of deposits is the so-called Net Interest Income earned by banks (Investopedia, 2013). Interest rates are influenced by external factors in the economy. It is through the Monetary Policies dictated by the Central Bank that interest rates are adjusted depending on the Money Supply in circulation. If there is too much money in circulation, Contractionary Monetary Policy is implemented, raising Interest Rates in order to attract depositors while Expansionary Monetary Policy is implemented when Money Supply is low, in order to Page 9 discourage clients from depositing their money in banks. Using the Philippine Benchmark Interest Rate graph from 2002-2012 reported by tradingeconomics. com, interest rates are relatively stable over time but had dramatic decreases when it hanges. Back in 2002, the Philippines had interest rates ranging from 6. 5% to 7. 5% Global Financial Crisis. These effects have greatly influenced the Banking Industry especially their income generation from interest. 2. 4. Non-Traditional Banking Activities Banks, like most companies, are also expense-incurring firms with the need to generate income in order to cover for these expenses. Employees salaries, Equipment (ATM) maintenance, Delivery Costs, Security Expenses, and Transaction Costs are Just some of the many expenses that banks incur in order to provide convenience and good service to their clients. However, given the low interest rates in the economy, interest income alone seems to be insufficient to cover for these expenses, and Inflation rates havent been placed in the equation yet. Another source of income for banks is what we call Non-Traditional Banking Activities, activities and transactions that are not directly concerned with charging Loans or paying interest to depositors. Stiroh (2002) classified Non-lnterest Income into four (4) main categories based on the activities engaged by banks. 2. 4. 1. Deposit Loan: Traditional One of the most common activities operated by banks is mediating the lending- orrowing process of money between savers and spenders. However, in order to attract savers to open page 10 deposit accounts in their branches or safes, banks offer interest income for depositors, relative to how much and how long the money will be deposited in their account. These terms are relatively important because the terms will be the determining factor in matching peoples deposits with borrowers loans, depending on the capacity of the borrower to pay on time. In the Philippines, only a few people are able to deposit their money in their accounts because of either lack of nformation or the threat of loss from banks in case of robbery and the like. But surprisingly, according to a recent study, 80% (or 8 out of 10) Filipino households dont have bank accounts. 2. 4. 2. Non-Traditional Banking Activities in the Philippines 2. 4. 2. 1. Trading Aside from the lending operations performed by banks, banks have also covered the financial market such as the Foreign Exchange (FX) market, Stock market, and the Derivatives market. Trading Income, as described by Stiroh (2002), is income derived changes. Banks added trading financial instruments as part of their products and ervices since banks have the expertise when it comes to managing risk, computing possible profits in holding to certain assets, and the like. Trading in the financial markets is highly volatile, which is why Banks engage in trading here because of the concept high risk, high return. Now, given the wellcomputed chances of earning a relatively high profit in the financial market, banks are given the possibility of gaining enough funds to cover risks of the possible changes in interest rates as well as additional funds that can be used for investment and payment of expenses. In Banks Page 1 1 such as Bank of the Philippines Islands (BPI), existing clients need not open a new account to trade; rather, these clients can already use their existing accounts to trade. 2. 4. 2. 2. Other Services: ATMs, Fiduciary, etc. Technological innovations continue to improve banking in the Philippines, all for the convenience of banking for clients. The relatively older examples of these innovations is the use of Automated Telling Machines (ATMs), the purpose of which is to provide an easy-access to money wherever the client may be, as long as there is the presence of ATMs in the area. Now, these ATMs are considered a long-term investment made by banks. In order to maintain this equipment, as well as the printing of receipts, fees are to be charged against the clients. While banks would usually not charge the clients for using the banks ATMs, the most common fees charged are the instances wherein the client would withdraw their money from another banks ATM because not finding an ATM of ones bank is inevitable. Services charge-, commission-, and bank fee-generating activities are also part of a banks set of activities because the clerical work and other menial work performed by bank employees are part of the anks non-interest expense that are being incurred regularly, therefore it must also be compensated as part of the banks regular operations. In the Philippines, there are approximately 12,700 ATMs in all over the country with around 10,900 coming from universal and commercial banks. Fiduciary businesses are also being accommodated by banks under the trust department in the Philippines. In the Philippines, only a few banks are being authorized by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP). These activities would include managing investments and estimating risk for prospect investments. page 12 2. 5. Non-lnterest Income: Is it a Factor for Bank Stability? isk, and both sides have a common relation of the two factors but opposite sides of the given relationship: Revenue Diversification. If Finance, in general, views Diversification as a good thing (given the context of Asset Portfolio Diversification), there are others who view otherwise when it comes to Bank Revenue Diversification. When it comes to determining the effect of Non-lnterest Income on the Banks overall risk, two groups of studies that discuss whether or not Non-lnte rest Income provide diversification benefits especially when it came to Risk Reduction. In a study conducted by the group of Nguyen (201 1), Non-lnterest Income contributes to the Revenue Diversification of banks, therefore minimizing the risks of not earning income to be used for either investment to equipment or help preserve their clients deposits therefore preventing the banks from declaring bankruptcy due to the available funding banks will obtain after earning/gaining profit from Non- Traditional Banking Activities. The findings of Nguyen are being supported by Smith (2003). However, in the study, it is said that Non-lnterest Income is not a stand-alone ource of income, rather, Non-lnterest Income and Interest income work simultaneously (Smith, 2003); therefore NIIs and Interest Income are not complementary as their correlation becomes closer and closer. In search of diversification benefits from Non-lnterest Income, Stiroh (2002) was able to prove that instead of reducing risk, NIIs actually add up to the riskiness in terms of Bank Stability because the nature of NIIs, specifically Trading Income, is highly volatile and is dependent on the demand and supply of the underlying assets involved in trade. This theory is page 13 also supported by the studies of Bailey-Tapper (2010). Non-lnterest Income is volatile because its demand is also fluctuating based on the demands of the clients also dependent on the economic standing of the country, therefore, despite the chances of getting high returns, it does not help in maintaining stability of the banks income. Lets say, a banks performs its Traditional Banking activities of Loans and Deposits, it is sure to earn Interest Income for every client it serves and it is constant throughout the year. But add the generation of Non-lnterest Income, Total Income generated per period has become volatile since the generation of Nonlnterest Income is variable epending on its clients. And with volatility comes risk making the Banks Income unstable, which then defeats the purpose of Revenue Diversification. However, a common misconception was clarified in the work of De Young and Rice (2004). While most studies would claim that non-interest income strictly come from nontraditional banking activities, De Young and Rice (2004) would claim that non-interest income is also generated from traditional banking activities such as deposits wherein checking fees, safe-keeping fees and cash management fees are also charged to the clients. But other than that, De Young and Rice (2004) support the claim of Stiroh (2002) that non-interest income activities are less stable than interest income. On the other hand, Smith (2003) thinks otherwise. Their study shows that the mix of relatively high (or positive) and Stabilize bank profits via Revenue Diversification. With the contribution of Non-lnterest Income, Total Interest Income is not affected by the economic fluctuations of interest rates, therefore being more capable of generating new capital for the bank. Page 14 Given the arguments of the literatures above, the study will then test which concept s applicable in the Philippine setting and therefore determine which banking activities will be more profitable for the Universal and Commercial Banks in the page 15 2. . Literature Map Page 16 2. 7. Research Gap This study will follow the recommendations made by the group of Nguyen (2010) regarding the intra-country application of their paper by measuring the correlation of the use of Revenue Diversification with Bank Stability, Profitability, and Bank Market Power. This study will further discuss and identify whether it is Interest Income from Traditional Banking Activities o r Non-lnterest Income from Non-Traditional Income Activities. 3. FRAMEWORKS 3. 1 . Theoretical Framework In this study, banks will be illustrated in a market set-up using the point of view of the bank (excluding the concept of competition), which will consist of environment, stakeholders, strategies used, and measurement of success of the said strategies. For the market environment, Random Walk theory will be used in order to explain the volatility and uncertainty of the market. As for the stakeholders such as the banks investors and depositors, Modern Portfolio Theory shall be used in order to describe the preferences of the banks stakeholders when it came to choosing which nstitutions theyd place their money on. In order to satisfy the stakeholders and to give assurance, the strategy of Diversification, specifically Revenue Diversification between interest and non-interest income, will used in order to theoretically reduce the risk of insolvency of banks. To measure the risk and return of these banks, the financial ratios on ROE and Profitability as well as solving for variance and standard deviation of income will be used. And finally, in order to measure for risks taken by the banks, with regards to total income, Sharpe Ratio will be used. page 17

Free Essays on Engineering Ethics

There are many character traits and assets that one could posses to be an engineer. These traits will differ between individuals, and how they perform their job. In the engineering world, there are many issues that engineers go through that are not apparent to most people. Examples of this include organizational, ethical, and legal pressures that an engineer must face. Ethics would probably bee the most important of these factors. The engineering code of ethics must be followed in the course of a job, and if it’s neglected in any way, an engineer can most likely lose his employment, and respect by fellow engineers and companies. I believe that some of the character traits I posses that would help me succeed in the computer engineering field are honesty, dedication, time management skills, and a positive work ethic. Honesty plays a very important role in the workplace. If employees were to lie to one another about the job they are performing, what work would get done? Even though dishonesty is wrong, it occurs very often in the world of business. The ability to present the truth in a clear and concise manner to co-workers, bosses, and other companies is something that will greatly help an engineer’s performance in the workplace. If you tell your boss that a design will not work, hopefully he will respect your honesty and wait till the problem has been dealt with. However, as seen in the movies presented in class, sometimes the upper management will go ahead and sell the idea anyways. This can make many non-desirable events happen for the company, and could ultimately end in the company going out of business. I have never lied to an employer or co-worker. Granted, I have not had a job that was significantly important, but this still applies to everything you do. Dedication to your job goes hand in hand with being honest about your work. If you don’t enjoy your work, or simply just do it for the paycheck, the q... Free Essays on Engineering Ethics Free Essays on Engineering Ethics There are many character traits and assets that one could posses to be an engineer. These traits will differ between individuals, and how they perform their job. In the engineering world, there are many issues that engineers go through that are not apparent to most people. Examples of this include organizational, ethical, and legal pressures that an engineer must face. Ethics would probably bee the most important of these factors. The engineering code of ethics must be followed in the course of a job, and if it’s neglected in any way, an engineer can most likely lose his employment, and respect by fellow engineers and companies. I believe that some of the character traits I posses that would help me succeed in the computer engineering field are honesty, dedication, time management skills, and a positive work ethic. Honesty plays a very important role in the workplace. If employees were to lie to one another about the job they are performing, what work would get done? Even though dishonesty is wrong, it occurs very often in the world of business. The ability to present the truth in a clear and concise manner to co-workers, bosses, and other companies is something that will greatly help an engineer’s performance in the workplace. If you tell your boss that a design will not work, hopefully he will respect your honesty and wait till the problem has been dealt with. However, as seen in the movies presented in class, sometimes the upper management will go ahead and sell the idea anyways. This can make many non-desirable events happen for the company, and could ultimately end in the company going out of business. I have never lied to an employer or co-worker. Granted, I have not had a job that was significantly important, but this still applies to everything you do. Dedication to your job goes hand in hand with being honest about your work. If you don’t enjoy your work, or simply just do it for the paycheck, the q...

To read a story and write about it Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

To read a story and write about it - Essay Example To him, life became unbearable when his he even decided to attend new meetings to improve on the knowledge he had, as the unemployment benefits were running were almost ending, the cost of living was rising up in Washington. It was after searching from town to town of Pennsylvania, New York, Kentucky among others, in different companies that one call came from a headhunter and said it would be a perfect job for him, only to be asked why he never wrote about his bachelor’s degree. The author said that he never did one, and was told it is one requirement that would have made him prefect. At that moment, it came clear why the writer got rejections and at times no responses from his resumes. He realized he was not self-sufficient and was living a lie. To him, he had known that he had all what it takes in terms of knowledge and skills to get the jobs, but his thinking was shattered. It then clicked in his mind that he needed to put things right, by first looking for ways to improve himself, by furthering his education, changing his thinking process and ideas on education. He decided to tie it all together after following some adverts he once saw on TV and the internet about Phoenix university, and went back to continue his education. Over the learning period, the writer discovered three things that people say, never fear failure, and honesty is the best policy. They term it so because they believe that failure gives room for learning opportunities for growth. He quotes, â€Å"Thomas Edison failed thousand times to create the filament for light bulbs.† He later succeeded after not giving up. To be a failure means giving up and accepting that one cannot succeed. But the â€Å"I say† part of the writer is that he believes that if he wakes up in the morning, people can make a difference in the world in way or another. He says that people’s perception of failure is taken to be, that failure is bad, people look at what was done and what was left undone. But where they

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Describe how nurses can become more broadly involved with influencing health policy related to this childhood obesity. Include resources available in child hood obesity - Essay Example Since a nurse’s profession is related to health and well being of a person, they can guide the health policy makers in a right manner A nurse has knowledge about the growing stage of a child and knows what is needed and what is not needed by a child in terms of food and physical activity. As Per (Nurses together,2012)â€Å"The primary concern related to childhood obesity stems from the fact that obese children tend to grow into obese adults, with the host of associated health problems†. Actually the nurse can help the policy makers understand the inadequacy in the food consumed by obese kids and give an alternative for that with less calorific and more nutritional food. The nurse can inspect whether the policy makers have included the right physical activity requirement for the child. The activity must be appropriate for the child and not burdensome.In order to prevent upsurge in child obesity, nurses must suggest the policy maker to motivate the schools in persuading children to eat healthy food and accept a healthy living style. ANA.Fighting Childhood Obesity Taking a stand to control an epidemic one child at a time (2010). In nursingworld.org. Retrieved June 17, 2012, from

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Effect of Family Disruption on Family Finances and Children

Effect of Family Disruption on Family Finances and Children Critically discuss the evidence underlying the claim that the deterioration of economic conditions that usually results from family disruption is the major explanation for the lower ability and achievement of children in disrupted families. This paper considers whether, and to what extent, the deteriorated economic situations caused through family disruptions and economic deprivations are the main reasons for children’s lower competences and attainments. Firstly, the association between disrupted family and economic circumstances are considered in line with some recent economic theory. Secondly, the reasons why economic circumstances arising from family disruptions are identified as being the foremost predictors for lower ability and attainment of children in disrupted families. This claim is examined. In addition, issues within previous studies are then investigated. Lastly, the implications for enhancing children’s outcomes regarding this issue are also discussed. How family disruptions are linked to deteriorated economic conditions Due to a dramatic change of family structure in modern societies, questions about the impact of family disruptions (e.g. separation/divorce, step-parenting, remarriage) on economic conditions, measured by home ownership, income and size of the residence, have appeared to be increasingly significant. There have been a number of studies explaining the relationship between disruptions in family life and economic circumstances. Numerous longitudinal and cross sectional research reveals that disruptive events in families cause economic disadvantage (e.g. Amato, 2000; Duncan, Yeung, Brooks-Gunn and Smith, 1998). Divorced individuals typically have greater economic deprivation than married individuals (Marks, 1996; Ross, 1995). Researchers have reported that women are likely to have more serious problems with economic consequences in comparison with men (e.g. Holden and Smock, 1991; Ross, 1995; Smock 1994) and that lone mothers are considered to be in the poorest situations after separation or divorce (Ram and Hou, 2003). For example, the longitudinal study of Bianchi, Subaiya and Kahn (1999); focusing on the gender gap in economic well-being among the couples with children after family disruptions in the United States, found that there was a 36% decline in living standard of custodial mothers, whilst noncustodial fathers experienced a 28% increase. It can be seen that in general, mothers’ post-divorced standards of living was merely a half that of the fathers. Moreover, to compare with divorced men or married women, lone mothers tend to have more monetary problems over longer period. Amato (2000) explains this incidence that â€Å"women, compared with men, have more interrupted work histories prior to divorce, experience greater work–family conflict (due to their responsibility for children), and are more likely to experience employment and wage discrimination† (p.1277). However, the deleterious economic conditions can be relieved in step-parent families (Amato, 2000) Why is economic deprivation from family disruptions claimed to be the major predictors for low outcomes of children? Over the last few decades, researchers have focused attention on the economic consequences of changes in family structure, identifying family disruptions as key causal explanations for lower children’s outcomes. It has been found that the deterioration of economic conditions, caused by disruptive events in the family such as single-parenting and divorce are greatly related to negative outcomes among children (Pearson and Thoennes, 1990; Bronstein, Stoll, Clauson, Abrams and Briones, 1994; McLanahan and Sandefur, 1994; Duncan, Brooks-Gunn, Yeung and Smith, 1998; Gue, 1998; Amato, 2000; Ram and Hou, 2003). Household income is often considered to be significant in explaining children’s outcomes (Mulkey, Crain, Harrington, 1992). Congruent with the explanation of Haveman and Wolfe (1995) The income level of the family in which a child grows up is perhaps the best measure of the level of economic resources devoted to the child by the parents, and is often included in the studies of children’s educational attainment (p. 1855). It is well known that different types of family have different effects on children’s ability and outcomes due to their differing economic situations (Schneider et al., 2005). Intact families usually have more income than single-parent families, and this advantage becomes a part of developing children’s educational outcomes (McLeod and Shanahan, 1993; Duncan et al., 1998; Schneider, Atteberry, Owens, 2005). On the other hand, children from single parent-households have more limitations in economic resources in comparison with children from intact families. Single parents, particularly lone mothers often spend more time outside of the home to compensate for the economic loss due to separation or divorce. This is likely to affect children’s ability and academic outcomes because of reducing time for involvement with their children. Parents who have lower incomes due to a separation or divorce are less able to provide their children with material resources such as school equipment, computers and extra lessons (Ross, 2005) Negative impacts on academic achievement of children related to living in separated families, often results from reduced provision of economic resources. Boggges (1998) has suggested that there are few effects on children’s academic performance when the economic status is controlled in research, achievement were found. However, persistent negative effects on graduation rates were found. In addition, Schneider et al. (2005) argues that although step-parenting families (non-traditional families) are often more advantaged in economic resources, the outcomes of the children remain lower than the outcomes of children from traditional families. This is because step parents may not provide step children with the resources like they might towards their biological children (Schneider et al., 2005). Ram and Hou (2003) similarly propose that â€Å"children in step families are no different from those raised in lone-parent families in a number of spheres, including cognitive skills, hyperactivity, and indirect aggression, even after economic condition and familial resource variables when held constant† (p. 326). This is commonly compatible with the studies of some researchers who found children from step families less well performing in school and exhibiting more emotional and behavioural difficulties (Coleman, Ganong, and Fine, 2000; Hanson, McLanahan, and Thomson, 1997; McLanahan and Sanderfur, 1994; McMunn, Nazroo., Marmot, Boreham and Goodman, 2001) In addition, children who live with other types of two-parent households, such as with grandparents or relatives, are also likely to have more disadvantages than children living in intact households, and the same or lower level than children in lone-parent households (Chase-Lansdale, Brooks-Gunn and Zamsky, 1994). According to Downey (1994), although children in lone-mother families often lack economic resources, some children in lone-father families have problems with a deficiency of interpersonal resources such as involvement in children’s tasks. He also suggests that children’s outcomes in both types of family are roughly equal (Downey, 1994). Moreover, it was found that children who live with the same gender or opposite gender parents slightly differ in outcomes. While economic situations have often been considered as the most significant factors in explaining children’s outcomes of the disruptive families, the study of Kerr and Beaujot (2001) investigating Canadian children found that there are low income is less important than other factors such as the function of family, number of children in households, educational level and age of the parents. Similarly, Mulkey et al (1992) argue that economic conditions are not a significant mediator between lone-parent families and the low attainment of children. They also state that living in lone-mother households is not more detrimental than living in lone-father families, and income is not the major issue explaining the relationship between family structure and children’s academic performance. Problems with the studies The findings of some studies have been ambiguous when indicating the association between family structure changes and children’s outcomes. For example, do deteriorated economic conditions in disruptive families often affect the child’s educational outcomes? Or do children with lower ability or lower attainments usually come from families with monetary problems? In addition, the prior problems before parental divorce or separation are often neglected. According to longitudinal research by Ram and Hou (2003) children of several disruptive families were already registering academic difficulties. Second, there is little specific mention regarding the time within the lifecycle of the child of the deteriorated economic situations. Duncan et al. (1998) suggest that the economic situations amongst children in the early years have the most influential impact on attainment, especially among children in low-income families (Cherlin, Chase-Lansdale and McRae, 1998; Duncan et al., 1998; Amato and Sobolewski, 2001). This should be different from the findings derived from adolescents. Therefore, a clearer specification of period when economic deprivation takes place should be inserted. Third, the comparisons of income across different types of households are ambiguous. There is an unclear distinction between the income before disruptions and the income after disruptions. For example, some families may have financial problems before disruptions. Furthermore, the stability of income also should be considered because earning cycles in each family differ, and may vary across the year. Lastly, it can be seen that ethical considerations are not adequately addressed in a number of studies even though the research touches upon highly sensitive areas of family life and predictions of children’s achievement. Such matters are usually quite confidential and the complicated relationship that might negatively affect the subjects, so the reader needs to know how the data for the research was gathered and in what conditions. For example, the protection and welfare of the participants, the use of deception, confidentiality and the anonymity of data are issues that should have been addressed and considered more fully in order that subsequent research operates within accepted ethical boundaries. Implications Public policy Public policy should be more focused on the welfare of single-parent families, particularly lone-mothers. As several studies have reported, single-mothers or custodial mothers are more likely to have more financial problems than any other types of family (e.g. Holden and Smock, 1991; Ross, 1995; Smock 1994). After disruptions, they have to spend more time outside of the home in order to earn money to compensate for the loss of family income. This association in single-parent families seems to be unrelieved until re-marriage happens. In addition, if income can be considered as a significant factor in predicting childrens’ later achievement, it also acts as the resource to provide the means for their progression. One implication of these findings is the need for critical considerations about higher pay for women and income support programmes, in particular, for single mothers who have to bring up their children on their own to assist them cope with problems derived from economic deprivation after disruptions. Also, more extensive child care and support should be provided in order to meet the needs of these children. Schools Teachers should be more deliberately concerned with their reactions and behaviour to children from lower income families. Some teachers tend to react to such children differently due to their economic backgrounds (Mulkey et al., 1992). In addition, the understanding of misbehaviour of the student is important. Some inappropriate behaviours of students in classrooms may occur due to depression or bereavement from disruptive events in their family. Therefore, whenever the behavioural problems of students appear, instead of focusing on them only, teachers should consider the contexts of students such as family backgrounds in order to prevent misunderstanding as well as find the way to assist and support children. Furthermore, teachers in schools should have more concern and care about their own behaviours as a role model for all students because the students, especially the children in their early years tend to observe and replicate teachers’ behaviours. Parents Parents are the individuals who are likely to be the most influential role models for children’s lives. A careful family plan may be one strategy to ensure stability for the child. The home environment should also be considered because it is a significant source of learning. â€Å"The quality of the home environment – its opportunities for learning, the warmth of mother-child interactions, and the physical condition of the home – accounts for a substantial portion of the powerful effects of family income on cognitive outcomes† (Duncan et al., 1998, p.209). Furthermore, having a stable level of income is important because low and unstable income leads to economic pressures that may cause conflict between partners experiencing serious financial issues (Conger et al., 1993). The income level of the family is a powerful predictor of the economic pressure that has both direct and indirect impacts on children’s achievement (Duncan et al, 1998). Conflictin g or disruptive events in the families can also be traumatising events for children. Parents should avoid using force and presenting unpleasant behaviours at home and in front of the children, because it may be the cause of later aggressive behaviours from children. Conclusion It appears in several studies that economic conditions are the significant explanations for the association between family structure and children’s achievement. The diminution of material resources due to deteriorated economic conditions, which often derive from disruptive events in families, has significant impacts on educational outcomes of children (Ram and Hou, 2003). In several studies, when income is restricted, children in disrupted families tend to have lower attainments than children in intact or non-divorced families. Research reports that the majority of children in intact families are at an academic and social advantage in comparison with children in non-intact families. A child’s achievement generally depends on the economic resources that are given by parents, children who live in an intact family tend to have high attainments. This is because lone-parents have less income and have less time to be involved in household activities such as helping children to do their homework. This leads to the lower outcomes of children. Children who grow up in lone-mother families tend to have the lowest attainments in comparison with growing in other types of families. In addition, although children who live with step families have opportunities to have more economic resources than those who live with single-parent families, the researchers state that there is no difference between the educational outcomes of children in lone families and the child outcomes in step-parenting families (Coleman et al, 2 001; Henson et al, 1997; Ram and Hou, 2003). It might therefore be concluded that the deterioration of economic circumstances after separation or divorce may explain part, but by no means all, of the lower outcomes among children who have experienced parental disruptions.

Affirmative Action Essay -- Affirmative Action Essays

After the United States Congress passed the Civil Rights Act in 1964, it became apparent that certain business traditions, such as seniority status and aptitude tests, prevented total equality in employment. Then President, Lyndon B. Johnson, decided something needed to be done to remedy these flaws. On September 24, 1965, he issued Executive Order #11246 at Howard University that required federal contractors â€Å"to take Affirmative Action to ensure that applicants are employed . . . without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin (Civil Rights).† With the signing of that order, and without knowing it, President Johnson created reverse discrimination.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Affirmative Action was created in an effort to help minorities leap the discriminative barriers that were ever so present when the bill was first enacted, in 1965. At this time, the country was in the wake of nationwide civil- rights demonstrations, and racial tension was at an all time high. Most of the corporate executive and managerial positions were occupied by White Males, who controlled the hiring and firing of employees. The U.S. government, in 1965, believed that these employers were discriminating against Minorities and believed that there was no better time than the present to bring about change. This action, that started with good intentions, would later lead to a different and more complex form of discrimination.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the Civil Rights Law passed, Minorities, especially African- Americans, believed that they should receive retribution for the earlier years of discrimination they endured. The government responded by passing laws to aide them in attaining better employment as reprieve for the previous two hundred years of suffering their race endured at the hands of the White Man. To many people the passing of these laws was an effort in the right direction. Supporters of Affirmative Action asked, †why not let the government help them get better jobs?† After all, the White Man was responsible for their suffering. While this may all be true, there is another question to be asked. Are we truly responsible for the years of persecution that the African Americans and other Minorities were submitted to? I am not so sure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is true that past generations of White Men are p... ..., and other policies benefiting families with young children. Widely supported programs that promote the interests of both lower and middle class Americans that deliver benefits to Minorities and Whites on the basis of their economic status, and not their race or ethnicity, will do more to reduce Minority poverty than the current, narrowly based, poorly supported policies that single out Minority groups. However, if this, or another remedy is not taken sometime in the near future, and Affirmative Action continues to separate Minority groups from Whites, we can be sure to see racial tension reach points that our history has never seen. Works Cited â€Å"Affirmative Action at the University of California at Berkeley† Online. http://pwa.acusd.edu/~e_cook/ucb-95.html â€Å"Civil Rights† Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia. (1996). [Computer Program] SoftKey Multimedia International Corporation. United States. Commission on Civil Rights. Affirmative Action in the 1980's: Dismantling the Process of Discrimination. Washington: 1981. United States. Nebraska Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. Private Sector Affirmative Action: Omaha. Washington: 1979.

Good Food Essay

My definition of good food is food that has positive effects on your body. Food that is filled with nutrients that help your body function like it’s supposed to. Good food is food that doesn’t help you gain weight but satisfied your hunger. But healthy food isn’t always delightful. Good food nourishes your body, gives you energy and strength to make your day easy going as possible. By eating healthy food you are preventing unnecessary fats, calories, or chemicals you don’t need. Healthy food helps your body gain the essential nutrients the body can’t make by itself. Your body needs 13 vitamins to function properly and by eating healthy you gain the vitamins you need to help your body work efficiently. Healthy food also prevents many lifestyle diseases that can damage the body’s structures. Especially for kids, they are more likely to get sick, eating healthy helps their immune system fight off harmful germs. Food that tends to slow you down and make you sleepy and lazy isn’t good food at all. It’s a different story if you’re full. Most food that is labeled fast food isn’t good food at all. Theirs enormous amounts of calories, tons of sugar, and most of the time it’s drenched with grease. Things like junk food, French fries, fried Twinkies, etc. , may taste delicious but are very unhealthy. And junk food only satisfies your hunger for a limited amount of time. By eating unhealthy you’re more likely to develop heart disease or even high blood pressure. And what makes junk food worst is that it can be addictive, and since it doesn’t completely fill your desires you are more likely to keep eating until you are full. Many companies advertise unhealthy food all the time and many consumers usually go out of their way to go and get that product. No one is safe, junk food surrounds our everyday life, there are bulletins, posters, and many more that advertise many unhealthy foods. Most of the consumers are a step away from obesity. After smoking, obesity is the second largest result of deaths in the United States. Good food is healthy food, healthy food isn’t always delicious but with a few modifications it could be. Good food is food that nourishes your body when consumed, has positive effects.

Outline of the U.S. Economy

Outline of the U.S. Economy This free online textbook is an adaptation of the book Outline of the U.S. Economy by Conte and Carr and has been adapted with permission from the U.S. Department of State. CHAPTER 1: Continuity and Change The American Economy at the End of the 20th CenturyFree Enterprise and the Role of Government in America CHAPTER 2: How the U.S. Economy Works Americas Capitalist EconomyBasic Ingredients of the U.S. EconomyManagers in the American WorkforceA Mixed Economy: The Role of the MarketGovernments Role in the EconomyRegulation and Control in the U.S. EconomyDirect Services and Direct Assistance in the U.S. EconomyPoverty and Inequality in the United StatesThe Growth of Government in the United States CHAPTER 3: The U.S. Economy - A Brief History The Early Years of the United StatesColonization of the United StatesThe Birth of the United States: The New Nations EconomyAmerican Economic Growth: Movement South and WestwardAmerican Industrial GrowthEconomic Growth: Inventions, Development, and TycoonsAmerican Economic Growth in the 20th CenturyGovernment Involvement in the American EconomyThe Post War Economy: 1945-1960Years of Change: The 1960s and 1970sStagflation in the 1970sThe Economy in the 1980sEconomic Recovery in the 1980sThe 1990s and BeyondGlobal Economic Integration CHAPTER 4: Small Business and the Corporation The History of Small BusinessSmall Business in the United StatesSmall Business Structure in the United StatesFranchisingCorporations in the United StatesOwnership of CorporationsHow Corporations Raise CapitalMonopolies, Mergers, and RestructuringMergers in the 1980s and 1990sThe Use of Joint Ventures CHAPTER 5: Stocks, Commodities, and Markets Introduction to Capital MarketsThe Stock ExchangesA Nation of InvestorsHow Stock Prices Are DeterminedMarket StrategiesCommodities and Other FuturesThe Regulators of Security MarketsBlack Monday and the Long Bull Market CHAPTER 6: The Role of Government in the Economy Government and the EconomyLaissez-faire Versus Government InterventionGrowth of Government Intervention in the EconomyFederal Efforts to Control MonopolyAntitrust Cases Since World War IIDeregulating TransportationDeregulating TelecommunicationsDeregulation: The Special Case of BankingBanking and the New DealSavings and Loan BailoutsLessons Learned From The Savings and Loan CrisisProtecting the EnvironmentGovernment Regulation: Whats Next? CHAPTER 7: Monetary and Fiscal Policy Introduction to Monetary and Fiscal PolicyFiscal Policy: Budget and TaxesThe Income TaxHow High Should Taxes Be?Fiscal Policy and Economic StabilizationFiscal Policy in the 1960s and 1970sFiscal Policy in the 1980s and 1990sMoney in the U.S. EconomyBank Reserves and the Discount RateMonetary Policy and Fiscal StabilizationThe Growing Importance of Monetary PolicyA New Economy?New Technologies in the New EconomyAn Aging Workforce CHAPTER 8: American Agriculture: Its Changing Significance Agriculture and the EconomyEarly Farm Policy in the United StatesFarm Policy of the 20th CenturyFarming Post World-War IIFarming in the 1980s and 1990sFarm Policies and World TradeFarming As Big Business CHAPTER 9: Labor in America: The Workers Role American Labor HistoryLabor Standards in AmericaPensions in the United StatesUnemployment Insurance in the United StatesThe Labor Movements Early YearsThe Great Depression and LaborPost-War Victories for LaborThe 1980s and 1990s: The End of Paternalism in LaborThe New American Work ForceDiversity in the WorkplaceLabor Cost-Cutting in the 1990sThe Decline of Union Power CHAPTER 10: Foreign Trade and Global Economic Policies An Introduction to Foreign TradeMounting Trade Deficits in the United StatesFrom Protectionism to Liberalized TradeAmerican Trade Principles and PracticeTrade Under the Clinton AdministrationMultilateralism, Regionalism, and BilateralismCurrent U.S. Trade AgendaTrade with Canada, Mexico, and ChinaThe U.S. Trade DeficitHistory of the U.S. Trade DeficitThe American Dollar and the World EconomyThe Bretton Woods SystemThe Global EconomyDevelopment Assistance CHAPTER 11: Beyond Economics Reviewing the American Economic SystemHow Fast Should the Economy Grow?

Google Documents - Add ons for Math

Google Documents - Add ons for Math For users that have harnessed the power of Google documents and a variety of tools that can be added to up the user experience,  here are some math tools you might find very useful. Calculator It is handy to have a calculator at your grasp for those times when you need to perform simple functions in the midst of a document. No need to bounce between windows or open a spreadsheet for this;  simply install a calculator from one of the many choices like the Calculator app from the Calculator Add on menu.  Handy and accurate - this works! Formula Editor Add this powerhouse to the sidebar of the document and you can type complex formulas for insertion with amazing ease. To quote the app: Formulas can be created either using the mathematics input box or by typing in their LaTeX representation. The result is then rendered as an image and inserted into your document. If you have ever tried to create formulas and their distinct format in a text document, you will appreciate a tool like this. Graphing Calculator Add-On (Such as Whizkids CAS) This add-on can: Solve equations and plot graphs.Find numerical and exact solutions.Simplify and factorize expressions with variables.Drag and drop results and graphs from the sidebar in Google Docs. Best of all, it does what it says it can do! g(Math) If you need the Quadratic formula, this is the tool to use. Complex equations, custom characters, and geometric signs can be used. You can link to data tables that are already in the document. Even the Speech to Math in Chrome can be accessed to create expressions. MathType   Sometimes all you need is the ability to form math ideas in the proper language and format. MathType can handle this fast and smoothly. This tool can also be used in the Google Sheets app so flexibility is at your fingertips.   As Google and the Google applications continue to gain acceptance in user circles, more and more innovative and useful math add-ons will arrive. Dont settle for less than what you need. Look around, as new solutions are coming every day​

Article review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Article review - Essay Example Examples of new media include but are not limited to the Internet, computer multimedia, and CD-ROMS. Television programs, books, and movies are not included in the new media until they allow digital interactivity. New media in general and the Internet in particular is the most important and frequently used source of information in the contemporary age because of many reasons; Availability of information is 24/7, there is a wide variety of sources of information including journal articles, blogs, and threads, Internet is one of the cheapest sources of information, and the content can be retrieved, used, and sent to the desired destination all at the same time. New media is frequently accused of many negative effects in our life in terms of obesity, wastage of time, and much more, which is not right. Saying that new media has had only negative effects on people is not only a very broad generalization of its effects, but also very reckless approach towards the analysis of its effects. C ritics accuse new media of spreading obesity among the teenagers and young adults whereas the real responsibility to keep themselves smart rests with the very teenagers and young adults. They need to manage their time better so that they do find time for some physical workout. Accusing new media of causing people to waste time is also wrong. Critics say that people spend hours and hours on social media websites, which breaks their connection with the physical world. This is so untrue! In fact, to much an extent, the activities people used to do in the physical world are now performed in the virtual world which actually saves their time. Before, people needed time to hang out with friends to socialize with them. Nowadays, all they need is a computer with an Internet connection to chat with their friends on daily basis. All the extra time wasted otherwise in going out is saved and may be put to positive use. New media is accused of causing social exclusion in people as they donâ€℠¢t find time to socialize with others. The reality is exactly the opposite of this. New media has actually served as a platform to promote social networking and relations. People make new friends and can chat with them 24/7 irrespective of the geographic distances. In his article, Andrew Keen says that Google is not our friend and the rationale he puts forth to support his opinion is that it is protruding too much into our life. Most of the literature that criticizes Internet for creating negative effects in our life plays with words. For example, Andrew Keen says in his article, â€Å"Having successfully become our personal librarian, Google now wants to be our personal oracle. It wants to learn all about us, know us better than we know ourselves, to transform itself from a search engine into a psychoanalyst's couch or a priest's confessional† (Keen, 2007). In thus sentence, Andrew Keen has projected Google as a noun, like it is a person who is manipulating our life. Google is just a search engine that cannot possibly want or learn like living beings do. If there are articles on Google that dictate us what to do throughout the day, it is our choice to read them or not, or even use the information in our everyday life after reading it. Michael Gerson says. â€Å"in the online world of Second Life, many people prefer to take the shape of

Operations Management of Bell Helicopter Company Essay

Operations Management of Bell Helicopter Company - Essay Example Bell aircraft can be found flying in over 120 nations accumulating fleet time at a rate in excess of ten flight hours every minute of the day (Bell helicopter, 2005). 1. Bell helicopter company offers a team of product support engineers and customer service representatives, fluent in many languages, who are available for the whole day and whole week to assist customers around the world, thus allowing timely diagnosis of a problem and appropriate solution. 2. Bell Helicopter Company warrants each overhauled or exchanged component to be free from defect in material or workmanship under normal use and service. Sellers' sole obligation under this warranty is limited to replacement or repair of parts which are determined to sellers' reasonable satisfaction to have been defective within 1500 hours or operation or two calendar years after installation whichever comes first and reimbursement of reasonable freight charges (bellhelicopter.com). 3. Although the company is equipped with impressive manufacturing facilities, it depends on many North American and foreign suppliers who provide more than 500 million dollars worth of components or services annually. 4. 4. The material team is composed of seasoned aerospace industry professionals who, by closely working with suppliers, ensure constant availability of quality supplies, to benefit both company's operations and its clients, while minimizing the inventory cost and the total purchase cost of these parts. 5. Aeronautical accessories Inc. provides aeronautical accessories designs, certifies, manufactures and markets a wide selection of quality helicopter parts and accessories for manufacturers including Bell, Eurocopter, Sikorsky, and others. The company supplies products directly to helicopter manufacturers for installation on new aircraft and to helicopter operators worldwide. Rotor Blade Inc. supports bell operators with quality blade repairs. RBI offers a 3-year, 2000 hour prorated warranty on every blade repair. 6. Bell Helicopter Company uses state-of-the-art equipment such as computerized and personalized systems for flight tests (CAFTA) or for new product design (CATIA) to meet its stringent requirements. The BHTCL Engineering Department possesses a unique helicopter-technology expertise. 7. The purpose of Quality Assurance in Bell is to provide total confidence that the finished product meets or exceeds given Federal Aviation or ISO 9001 regulations and that the product has been manufactured in conformity with Bell Helicopter Quality Standards. 8. The functions of Quality Assurance consist in quality-system evaluation of suppliers to ensure they fulfil company's requirements, receiving inspection, aircraft certification, non-destructive testing, gauge calibrating and corrective and preventive action programs. Quality Assurance is responsible for maintaining manufacturer approval on behalf of Transport Canada and is also responsible for the Aircraft Maintenance Organization. 9. Bell Helicopter is committed to airborne law enforcement, corporate, EMS, and Energy/Utility markets. Bell provides a specialist to ensure that customers have someone to rely on for their specific needs (2006). 10. For cost effectiveness in manufacturing, the company uses Business Objects to improve assembly operation

Stages and Spheres of Discipleship Research Paper

Stages and Spheres of Discipleship - Research Paper Example The spiritually dead do not consider Christ. They do not consider Christ as their lord and savior. They are the unsaved and not born again people in the society. The spiritually dead do not believe in god. To them, the bible is just a bunch of myths. Christians are intolerant and homophobic people to God and they need to develop patience. Religion is a crutch for the weak individuals and such take chances in god.1 They do not differentiate between the right and wrong and they consider what might be right for one person to be right for another person. For them, the truth is just relevant for the one who perceives it. The spiritually dead do not consider the existence of hell and consider many ways a person can get to God. They consider themselves good individuals, and when they die, everything will be okay. Ephesians two 1-5 â€Å"God due to his great love for us and his rich mercy make us alive makes us alive with Christ even when we are dead in transgression."2 These individuals just know the Christ as their lord and savior. They are in the stage to learn the way God taught his disciples. They are described as infant babies filled with many questions and with many curiosities. The spiritual infants consider it necessary to go to church regularly to learn more about Christ. The spiritual infants need to pray and read the bible regularly. They consider it not necessary to need anyone else in their lives apart from themselves and Jesus. However, the infants are faced with dilemmas; they consider Jesus to be the solution of their problem. They will tell you that they were saved recently, but they still have problems in their lives. Peter 2:2-3 peter a servant and apostle of God says, â€Å"To those who have received Gods righteous and Jesus Christ as their savior, Grace and peace be abundant upon them through the knowledge of Jesus Christ and God. The divine power of God will give them everything they need.†3 The spiritual children